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The Developmet, Reliability, and Validity of Chinese Managerial Competencies Test
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Yue-Loong Chang / Department of Psychology National Chengchi University

¥»¬ã¨s«Y¥HYukl¡]1987¡^ªº¡uºÞ²z¦æ¬°ºî¦X¤ÀÃþ¼Ò¦¡¡v¬°²z½×¬[ºc¡A¨Ãºî¦X°ê¤º¥~¬ÛÃö¤åÄm¡Aµo®i¡uºÞ²z¤~¯à¡v½Õ¬d°Ý¨÷¡A¥B³z¹L¥ø·~¬É¤§°Ý¨÷½Õ¬d¡]N=434¡^¡A»P¤u§@¤ÀªR¤§¡u¦æ¬°¨Æ¨Ò±à½Í¡v¡A¥H¤Î±M®a·|ij¤§«á¡A¬ã¨sªÌ°w¹ï¥xÆW¥ø·~¤§¹ê»Ú»Ý¨Dµo®i¡uºÞ²z¤~¯à´úÅç¡v¡A¨Ã¶i¦æ¹w¸Õ¡]N¡×135¡^»P¥¿¸Õ¡]N¡×278¡^¤§«H¡B®Ä«×¤ÀªR¡A¥H¤Î¡uºÞ²z®Ä¯à¡v°jÂk¹w´ú¼Ò¦¡¤§«Ø¥ß¡C´úÅçµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡G¡u¤º³¡¤@­P©Ê¡v«Y¼Æ¤¶©ó.60-.87¡A¤¤¦ì¼Æµ´¤j¦h¼Æ§¡¹F.72 ¥H¤W¡A®Ä«×«Y¼Æ¤¶©ó-.48-.84¤§¶¡¡A¤¤¦ì¼Æ¤¶©ó.29-.44¡F¦h¤¸¬ÛÃö«Y¼Æ¤¶©ó.36-.86¤§¶¡¡A¤¤¦ì¼Æ§¡¦b.52¥H¤W¡C¦¹¥~¡A¨ã¦³¹w´ú¤O¤§¦V«×¡Aªì¶¥¥DºÞ¬°¡u°õ¦æ¤O¡v¡B¡u®É¶¡ºÞ²z¡v¡B¡u¾Ç²ßºA«×¡v¡B¡u¥D°Ê¿n·¥¡v¡B¡u¤u§@®Ä²v¡v¡B¡u«~½èºÞ²z¡v¡B¡u±¡ºüºÞ²z¡vµ¥¡F¤¤¶¥¥DºÞ¬°¡u¥Ø¼Ð³]©w¡v¡B¡u±M®×»P¬yµ{ºÞ²z¡v¡B¡u°ö¾i³¡ÄÝ¡v¡B¡u°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¡v¡B¡u½Ä¬ðºÞ²z»P¹Î¶¤«Ø¥ß¡vµ¥¡F°ª¶¥¥DºÞ«h¬°¡uÄ@´º¡v¡B¡u¨Mµ¦¡v¡B¡uºÞ²zÅÜ­²¡v¡B¡uµ¦²¤³W¹º¡v¡B¡u¤H¯ß«Ø¥ß¡v¤Î¡u°l¨D¨ô¶V¡v¡C


ÃöÁäµü¡JºÞ²z¤~¯à¡B¤ß²z´úÅç¡BµûŲ¤u¨ã¡BºÞ²z®Ä¯à¡B¤u§@¤ÀªR¡B¦æ¬°¨Æ¨Ò­±½Í¡BºÂ¿ï¡B°V½m¡B¦Ò®Ö¡B¥Í²P³W¹º

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³q°T³B:¡]116¡^¥x¥_¥««ü«n¸ô¤G¬q64¸¹ ¬Fªv¤j¾Ç¤ß²z¨t
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E-mail¡Gchj515@ms48.hinet.net

Base on Yukl's(1987) "Model of Integrating Taxonomy of Managerial Behaviors", the purpose of this study is to review related literature, combine enterprises questionnaire survey(N=434), job analysis (behavioral event interview), and expert meeting, to develop Chinese managerial competencies test, and to analyze the reliability, validity of this instrument (N=413), and finally to build the regression model of managerial effectiveness. The results indicate: the coefficients of Cronbach £\ are between .60 and .87, and the medians are mostly above .72. The validity coefficients are between -.48 and .84, and the medians are between .29 and .44. The multiple regression coefficients are between .36 and .86, and the medians are above .52. Besides, the following competencies can explain much variance of criteria: For the first level managers, there are executing, time management, learning attitude, initiative, work efficiency, quality management, and emotional management; for the middle level managers, there are goal setting, project & process management, subordinate training, problem solving, conflict management and team building; for the senior level managers, there are vision, decision making, change management, strategic planning, interpersonal networking, and pursue excellence.


Keywords: managerial competency, psychological testing, assessment instrument, managerial effectiveness, behavioral event interview, selection, training, performance appraisal, career planning, organizational diagnosis and development

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Managerial Assessment by Peer Nomination in Group Exercises
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Chun-Ming Lee , Yue-Loong Chang / Department of Psychology National Chengchi University

¥»¬ã¨sªº¥D­n¥Øªº¦b©ó°w¹ï¥DºÞµo®i¤@®M¦P¾«´£¦WµûŲ¤u¨ã¡A¨Ã¶i¤@¨B±´°Q¨ä«H«×»P®Ä«×¥H¤Î¤º³¡¾÷¨î»P¼vÅT¦]¯À¡C¬ã¨sªÌ­º¥ý°w¹ï¬YÃҨ餽¥q¤§ªì¶¥»P¤¤¶¥¥DºÞ¶i¦æ¤u§@¤ÀªR¡A¨Ã®Ú¾Ú­«­nºÞ²z¯à¤O³]­p¬¡°Ê»PµûŲ¤u¨ã¡C¬ã¨sªÌ¨ÃÂǥѦ۽s¦Ò®Öªí¡B¸Ó¤½¥q²{¦³ªº¥DºÞ¦Ò®Ö¸ê®Æ¡B³¡Äݺ¡·N«×½Õ¬dµ²ªG¡B¥H¤Î°lÂܬ¡°Ê«á¨â¦~¤º®Ê¤É¦¸¼Æµ¥¨Ó¥Nªí¨üµû¥DºÞªº¤u§@ÁZ®Ä¡A¨Ã¾Ú¥H±´°Q¦P¾«´£¦WµûŲ¤u¨ã»P¥DºÞ¤H­û¤u§@ÁZ®Ä¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡Cµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡G¦P¾«´£¦WªkµûŲ¤u¨ãªºµû¤ÀªÌ¶¡«H«×¬Æ°ª¡AªÖ¼wº¸©M¿Ó«Y¼Æ¬°.28-.62¡A§¡¹F.01¥H¤WÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¡Aµû¤ÀªÌ¤º«H«×ªº¤¤¦ì¼Æ¥ç¹F.81¡F¦Ü©ó®Ä«×¤è­±¡A¥H¦Ò®ÖªíÁ`¤À¡BÀu©ó³¡ªù¦P¤¯¡B®Ê¤É¼ç¤O¡B»â¾É¯à¤O¡B©¾¸Û«×¡B¹L¥h¤T¦~¦ÒÁZ¡B³¡Äݺ¡·N«×¡B¨â¦~¤º®Ê¤É¦¸¼Æµ¥¬°®Ä¼ÐÅܶµ¡A°w¹ïªì¶¥»P¤¤¶¥¥DºÞ¶i¦æ°jÂk¤ÀªR¡A®Ä«×«Y¼Æ¤¤¦ì¼Æ¤À§O¬°.67»P.56¡C¦¹¥~¡A¬°¶i¤@¨BÁA¸Ñ¦P¾«´£¦Wªk¤§¤º³¡¾÷¨î»P¼vÅT¦]¯À¡A¬ã¨sªÌºî¦X½Õ¬dµ²ªG»P°lÂܱà½Í¸ê®Æ¡A¹Á¸Õ´£¥X¤@­Ó¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¥[¥H»¡©ú¡C³Ì«á¡A¬ã¨sªÌ´£¥X¥»¬ã¨s¤§­­¨î¡B«áÄò¬ã¨s¤è¦V¡B¤Î¥ø·~¹ê°ÈÀ³¥Îµ¥¤§«Øij¡C

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E-mail¡GJim_CM_Lee@acer.com.tw
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E-mail¡Gchj515@ms48.hinet.net

The purpose of this study is to develop a managerial assessment system of peer nomination, to investigate the system's reliability and validity, and to clarify the influencial factors and psychological mechanism. After gathering the job-analysis information by questionnaire (N=86) and interview (N=16), the researchers developed managerial competencies, peer nomination form, group exercises, and criteria questionnaire. Seventy-five supervisors participated the group exercises, twenty-six of those samples joined the follow-up interviews, and forty-eight supervisors were analyzed for the follow-up validation after two years. The results showed that: (1)the interrater reliability(Kandll coeffient) was .28 - .62, and the median of intrarater reliability reached .81; (2)the median of validity was .67 for 1st level managers and .56 for middle level managers. The researchers combined the results of feedback questionnaire and follow-up in-depth interview, then developed a hypothetical model to clarify the mechanism of peer nomination.


Keywords: peer nomination, competency, managerial assessment, group exercise

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Predicting Successfully Adjusted Expatriates: An Application of the Biographical Inventory
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Chang-I Chen , Yue-Loong Chang , Jung-Chuen Wang , Wen-Chaun Lee / Department of Psychology National Chengchi University

¥Ñ©ó¥xÆW¤u¸ê¤é°ª¡A¥x°Ó¨ì¤j³°³]¼t¤éº¥¼W¥[¡Cų©ó¤j³°ªº¸gÀçºÞ²z»P§Þ³N±M·~¤H¤~¬Æ¯Ê¡A¥x°Ó©¹©¹»Ý¬£»ºÀu¨qªº­û¤u¶i¾n¤j³°¤ä´©¤j³°¤À¤½¥qªº»Ý¨D¡C¥Ñ©ó¨â¦a¦b¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ»PªÀ·|¨î«×®t¶Z¬Æ¤j¡A­P¨Ï¥~¬£¤j³°¤H­û·P¨ì¾AÀ³§xÃø¡B°õ¦æ¥ô°È¤£²z·Q¡B¬Æ¦Ü¤£±o¤£´£«eªð°ê¡A³y¦¨¤½¥q§xÂZ¡C¥»¬ã¨sªº¥Øªº¡A¦b©ó½s»s¾A·íªº¤u¨ã¡AÂÇ¥H¨ó§U¥ø·~°µ¦n¥~¬£¤j³°¤H­ûªººÂ¿ï¤u§@¡C¦b¬ã¨s¤@¤¤¡A¬ã¨sªÌ¥HÃöÁä¨Æ¨Òªk³X°Ý¥~¬£¤j³°¤H­û¡Aµ²ªGÅã¥Ü»P¥~¬£¾AÀ³¬ÛÃöªº­Ó¤H¦]¯À¥]¬A¡G¡]1¡^ºÞ²z¤§Åܳq»P¦]À³¯à¤O¡F¡]2¡^¹ï²§¤å¤Æªº¿³½ì»P´L­«¡F¡]3¡^¹ï¥~¬£¦a¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ»PªÀ·|ªºÁA¸Ñ¡F¡]4¡^ªÀ¥æ§Þ¥©¡F¡]5¡^¥ð¶¢²ßºD¡F¡]6¡^¦Û§Ú·ÓÅU¯à¤O¡F¡]7¡^Àô¹Ò§ïÅܪº¾AÀ³¯à¤O¡F¡]8¡^µø¥~¬£¤u§@¬°¥Í²Pµo®iªº«´¾÷¡F¡]9¡^¤j¤¤µØ»{¦P¡F¡]10¡^®a®x¤ä«ù»P­t¾á¡C¬ã¨s¤G«h®Ú¾Ú¤W­zµ²ªG¡A«Øºc¡u¶Ç°O¦¡°Ý¨÷¡v°µ¬°¬ã¨sªº¤u¨ã¡A¦¬¶°¨ì176¦ì¥~¬£¤H­û¦b°Ý¨÷¤Wªº¤ÏÀ³¡Cµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¦¹¶Ç°O¦¡°Ý¨÷¦U¦V«×ªº Cronbach's £\¤¶©ó.79-.86¡A¥B»P¥~¬£¤H­û¦Ûµûªº¥~¬£¾AÀ³¡]¥]¬A¤u§@¾AÀ³¡B¥Í¬¡¾AÀ³¡B¤H»Ú¾AÀ³»PÂ÷¾·NÄ@¡^¤Î¥~¬£°Ê¾÷¨ã¦³°ª«×ªº¥¿¬ÛÃö¡Aªí¥Ü®Ä«×Àò±o¤ä«ù¡C


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E-mail¡Gcychen2@nccu.edu.tw
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Due to increasing labor costs, the majority of Taiwanese corporations now perform an increasing proportion of their business activities on Mainland China. As a result, many employees were selected for overseas assignments. Mainland China and Taiwan are very different in political, economic and social systems. So, mainland assignments may cause severe work stress and maladjustment because expatriates have to face many changes, and even culture shock. Thus, many corporations experience high and costly rates of expatriates returning prematurely from mainland assignments. The purpose of this study was to develop a biographical questionnaire suitable for mainland expatriates and to examine the validity of the use of biographical questionnaire as a predictor of expatriate mainland assignments. The first part of the study was designed to interview current expatriates in order to examine the characteristics of a well-adjusted expatriate. The result from analysis of interview contents indicated that the characteristics of a well-adjusted included ten factors , such as the ability to manage change, social skill, Chinese identity¡Ket al. The second part of the study was to develop the biographical questionnaire and tested its reliability and validity. Analysis of data obtained from 176 expatriates revealed the Cronbach's£\ coefficients for all the subscales of biographical inventory ranged from .79 to .86. In addition, the biographical inventory was positively correlated to the index for expatriate's adjustment and motivation. The results indicated that the biographical inventory had high concurrent criterion-related validity.


Keywords: expatriate, biographical inventory

360«×¦^õX»P¶Ç²Î¤W¥qµûŲ¹ï»â¾É®Ä¯à¹w´ú¤O¤§¤ñ¸û
The Comparison of 360-degree Feedback with Superisor-rating on the Prediction of Leadership Effectiveness
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Yue-Loong Chang , Kang-Ching Liu / Department of Psychology National Chengchi University

¥»¬ã¨s¤§¥Øªº¦b©ó±´°Q¡u360«×¦^õX¡vªº«H®Ä«×¡A¥H¤Î¨ä»P¶Ç²Î¤W¥qµûŲ¦b¹w´ú¡u»â¾É®Ä¯à¡v¤W¬O§_¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¦s¦b¡C¬ã¨sªÌ­º¥ý®Ú¾Ú¥ø·~¤§¹ê»Ú»Ý¨D¶i¦æ¤u§@¤ÀªR¡B±M®a·|ij¡B¤Î¹w¸Õ¡A¥Hµo®i®Ö¤ßºÞ²z¤~¯à¼Ò¦¡¤Î360«×¦^õX°Ý¨÷¡A°µ¬°¹w´úÅܶµ¡A¤§«á¨Ì¾ÚEdwards»PEwen¡]1996¡^¤§¬ã¨s¬[ºc¬°°ò¦¡A¾É¤J360«×¦^õX¡A¨Ã®Ú¾Ú½²«C§»¡]1996¡^¤§»â¾É®Ä¯à¼Ò¦¡»P°Ý¨÷¦¬¶°®Ä¼Ð¸ê®Æ¡AµM«á°w¹ï215¦ì¥DºÞ¶i¦æ360«×µûŲ¡]¨C¦ì¥DºÞ¦³9¦ìµû¤À­û¡^¡AÁ`­p¦³®Ä°Ý¨÷¼Æ¬°1805¥÷¡Cºî¦X¬ã¨sµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡G360«×¦^õX¤§«H«×»P®Ä«×»á°ª¡A®Ä«×«Y¼Æ¤¤¦ì¼Æ¤¶©ó.35-.67¡F360«×¦^õX­n¤ñ¶Ç²Î¤W¥qµûŲ¦b¹w´ú»â¾É®Ä¯à¤W¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ§ó¦hªº®Ä¼ÐÅܲ§¶q¡A¥B¤j¦h¼ÆR2 §ïÅܶq¤§F¦ÒÅç¹F¨ì.01ªºÅãµÛ¤ô·Ç¡C³Ì«á¡A¬ã¨sªÌ´£¥X¥»¬ã¨s¤§­­¨î¡B«áÄò¬ã¨s¡B»P¹ê°È¤§«Øij¡C


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The purposes of this study were to investigate the validity of 360-degree feedback, and to compare 360-degree feedback with supervisor-rating on the prediction of leadership effectiveness. The researchers based on the needs of the companies, the model of Edwards & Ewen(1996), and Tsai(1996) to develop a 360-degree feedback questionnaire, to implement 360-degree feedback system, and to collect criteria data. There were nine raters for each manager, and 215 managers participated the research, and there were 1805 valid questionnaires. The results showed that the median validity of 360-degree feedback was between .35 and .67, and a 360-degree feedback could explain more criteria variance of leadership effectiveness than traditional supervisor-rating. Finally, the researchers discussed the limitations, and the suggestions of this research.

Keywords: job analysis, managerial competency, 360-degree feedback, leadership effectiveness, self-awareness, performance appraisal, succession plan, organization culture, organizational change, organization development


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«Øij³Ì¨ÎÂsÄý¸ÑªR«×:IE4.0¥H¤Wª©¥»800x600 §ó·s®É¶¡:2001/09/21